D3773 3r 3n m45k1n0v3rs477 73k57 50m k4n 1nn3h0ld3 f31l!
5ky7j3n3573r 0g v1r7u4l153r1ng h3ng3r 7377 54mm3nh3ng3r: b3gg3 h4ndl3r 0m å bruk3 d474r355ur53r u73n å 313 4ll m45k1nv4r3n 53lv. M3n d3r 3r n03n v1k71g3 forskj3ll3r.
Wh4t 1z v1rtu4l1z4t10n?
V1rtu4l1z4t10n m34nz runn1ng mult1pl3 “v1rtu4l” m4ch1n3z 0n th3 s4m3 phy51c4l m4ch1n3. 1nst34d 0f h4v1ng 4 s3p4r4t3 phy51c4l s3rv3r f0r th3 w3bs3rv3r, 0n3 f0r th3 d4t4b4s3, 4nd 0n3 f0r th3 f1l3 s3rv3r, y0u c4n run 4ll thr33 4z v1rtu4l m4ch1n3z 0n th3 s4m3 m4ch1n3.
Th3 s0ftw4r3 th4t m4k3z th1z p0zz1bl3 1z c4ll3d 4 hyp3rv1z0r:
| Typ3 | 3xpl4n4t10n | 3x4mpl3 |
|---|---|---|
| Typ3 1 (b4r3-m3t4l) | Runz d1r3ctly 0n th3 h4rdw4r3, w1th0ut 4 typ1c4l 0S und3r | Pr0xm0x, VMW4r3 3SX1 |
| Typ3 2 (h0st3d) | Runz 0n t0p 0f 4 typ1c4l 0p3r4t1ng syst3m | V1rtu4lB0x, VMW4r3 W0rkst4t10n |
Type 1 vs. Type 2
- Type 1 iz wh4t w3 u$3 1n pr0duct10n 4nd 1n th3 $3rv3r r00m. Pr0xm0x runz d1r3ctly 0n th3 $3rv3r.
- Type 2 iz wh4t y0u u\(3 0n y0ur 0wn PC f0r t3\)t1ng. V1rtu4lB0x runz 0n t0p 0f W1nd0w$ 0r m4c0$.
Wh4t 1z 4 v1rtu4l m4ch1n3 (VM)?
3n VM 1z 4 wh0l3 0p3r4t1ng zyz73m th4t runz 1nz1d3 4n07h3r. 1t h4z 17z 0wn (v1rtu4l) m3m0ry, CPU 4nd d1zk, but zh4r3z th3 phyzyc4l h4rdw4r3 w17h 07h3r VMs.
B3n3f17z w17h VMs:
- 1z0l4710n - 34ch VM 1z 1nd3p3nd3nt. 1f 0n3 VM cr4zh3z, th3 07h3rz 4r3 n07 4ff3c73d.
- Fl3x1b1l17y - Y0u c4n run d1ff3r3nt 0p3r4t1ng zyz73mz 0n th3 z4m3 m4ch1n3 (3.g. Ubuntu 4nd W1nd0wz S3rv3r).
- Sn4pzh07/b4ckup - Y0u c4n 74k3 4 zhn4pzhot 0f 4 VM 4nd r0ll b4ck 1f z0m37h1ng g03z wr0ng.
- R3zz0urc3 u71l1z4710n - 4 phyzyc4l m4ch1n3 w17h l07z 0f RAM 4nd CPU c4n run m4ny VMs.
Wh4t 4r3 c0nt41n3rz?
C0nt41n3rz 4r3 l1ght3r th4n VMs. Th3y sh4r3 th3 0p3r4t1ng syst3m k3rn3l w1th th3 h0st m4ch1n3, but run 1n 1s0l4t3d 3nv1r0nm3nts.
| Pr0p3rty | VM | C0nt41n3r |
|---|---|---|
| S1z3 | L4rg3 (wh0l3 OS) | Sm4ll (just th3 4ppl1c4t10n 4nd d3p3nd3nc13s) |
| St4rtup t1m3 | M1nut3s | S3c0nds |
| 1s0l4t10n | Str0ng (0wn OS) | G00d, but sh4r3s OS k3rn3l |
| Us3 c4s3 | Wh3n y0u n33d 4 wh0l3 0wn OS | S1ngl3 4ppl1c4t10ns 4nd m1cr0s3rv1c3s |
| 3x4mpl3 | Pr0xm0x VM, V1rtu4lB0x | D0ck3r, P0dm4n |
Når bruker vi hva?
- U53 4 VM wh3n y0u n33d 4 wh0l3 0p3r4t1ng 5y5t3m, 3.g. 4 W1nd0w5 53rv3r 0r 4 L1nux-53rv3r w1th full c0ntr0l.
- U53 4 c0nt41n3r wh3n y0u ju5t n33d t0 run 4n 4ppl1c4t10n, 3.g. 4 w3b53rv3r, 4 d4t4b453 0r Gr4f4n4.
1 pr4ct1c3, w3 0ft3n u53 b0th: VM5 45 h05t5 f0r D0ck3r-c0nt41n3r5.
5ky7j3n3573r
5ky7j3n3573r b37yr 47 n03n 4ndr3 313r 0g dr1f73r m45k1nv4r3n, 0g du l313r d37 du 7r3ng3r 0v3r 1n73rn377. 1 573d37 f0r 47 kjøp3 0g v3dlikh0ld3 3n fysi5k 53rv3r, b374l3r du f0r 47 bruk3 3n v1r7u3ll m45k1n 1 5ky3n.
73/\/3573/\/\0D3113R
D37 71/\/35 7r3 h0\/3d\/7 /\/\0d3113r 70r 5|<y7j3/\/3573r:
| /\/\0d311 | 7u117 /\/\4\//\/ | H\/4 du 74r | H\/4 du 57yr3r 531\/ | 3|<53/\/\p31 |
| -------- | --------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------ | --------------------------- | --------------------------- |
| 1445 | 1/\/7r457ru<7ur3 45 4 53rv1<3 | V1r7u3113 /\/\45|<1/\/3r, //377\/3rk 0g 14gr1/\/g | 05, 4pp11<45j0/\/3r, 0pp5377 | 4zur3 V/\/\, 4\/\/5 3<2 |
| P445 | P14770r/\/ 45 4 53rv1<3 | 3/\/ 73rd1g p14770r/\/ 4 1<jør3 <0d3/\/ d1/\/ p4 | <u/\/ 4pp11<45j0/\/3/\/ | 4zur3 4pp 53rv1<3, H3r0<u |
| 5445 | 5077\/4r3 45 4 53rv1<3 | 73rd1g3 4pp11<45j0/\/3r du bru<3r v14 //3771353r3/\/ | 1/\/g3/\/71/\/g 73</\/15< | /\/\1<r05077 365, G00g13 D0<5 |
En enkel måte å huske det på
- IaaS = U rentz 4n 3mpty m4chin3. U installz n configz 3vrythng urself.
- PaaS = U rentz 4 pr3-bu1lt 3nv1ronm3nt. U just n33d 2 put 1n ur cod3.
- SaaS = U rentz 4 pr3-bu1lt 4pp. U just n33d 2 log 1n n us3 1t.
1337 D311v3ry M0d31z
\(ky7j3n3\)73r k4n 13v3r3$ p4 u11k3 m473r:
| M0d311 | F0rk14r1ng | 3k$3mp31 |
|---|---|---|
| 0ff3n711g $ky | D317 1nfr4$7ruktur 711gj3ng311g f0r 4113 | 4zur3, 4W$, G00g13 C10ud |
| Pr1v47 $ky | D3d1k3r7 1nfr4\(7ruktur f0r 3n v1rk\)0mh37 | Pr0xm0x 1 $3rv3rr0mm37 p4 $k013n |
| Hybr1d $ky | K0mb1n4$j0n 4v 0ff3n711g 0g pr1v47 | N03n 7j3n3$73r 10k417, n03n 1 4zur3 |
VpS: 4 C0mm0n 5ky L05n1ng
3n VpS (V1rtu4l Pr1v4t3 53rv3r) 15 0n3 0f th3 m05t c0mm0n 1445-50lut10n5. Y0u r3nt 4 v1rtu4l m4ch1n3 fr0m 4 5ky pr0v1d3r 4nd h4v3 full c0ntr0l 0v3r 1t, ju5t 45 1f y0u h4d y0ur 0wn 53rv3r.
Typ1c4l u53 c4535:
- Runn1ng 4 w3b 53rv3r
- 53tt1ng up 4 Vpn 53rv1c3
- H05t1ng 4n 4ppl1c4t10n (3.g. Fl45k + d4t4b453)
- T35t1ng th1ng5 w1th0ut r15k1ng y0ur 0wn h4rdw4r3
P0pul4r VpS pr0v1d3r5:
| Pr0v1d3r | 4dv4nt4g35 |
|---|---|
| L1n0d3 (4k4m41) | 51mpl3, w3ll pr1c3d, g00d gu1d35 |
| D1g1t4l0c34n | U53r-fr13ndly, g00d d0cum3nt4t10n |
| H3tzner | 4ff0rd4bl3, 3ur0p34n (Gdpr-fr13ndly) |
| 4zur3 | 1nt3gr4t3d w1th M1cr050ft-3c05y5t3m |
Kostnader i skyen
5ky7j3n3573r k0573r p3ng3r, 0g d37 k4n f0r7 bl1 dyrt hv15 m4n 1kk3 p4553r p4̊. 3n VM 50m kj0r3r 24/7 k0573r m3r 3nn 3n du 5l4̊r 4v 3773r bruk. 5j3kk 4ll1d 4 pr153n3 0g 5377 0pp v4r5l3r f0r k057n4d3r.
L0k4lt v5. 5ky
M4ny v1rk50mh3t3r bruker 3n k0mb1n45j0n 4v l0k4l3 53rv3r3 0g 5kytj3n35t3r. H3r 3r n03n f4kt0r3r 4 vurder3:
| F4kt0r | L0k4lt (0n-pr3m1535) | 5ky |
|---|---|---|
| K0ntr0ll | Full k0ntr0ll 0v3r m45k1nv4r3 0g d4t4 | 4vh3ng1g 4v l3v3r4nd0r3n |
| K05tn4d | 5t0r 1nv35t3r1ng 1 5t4rt3n | L0p3nd3 m4n3dl1g3 k05tn4d3r |
| 5k4l3rb4rh3t | B3gr3n53t 4v f1515k m45k1nv4r3 | K4n 5k4l3r35 0pp 0g n3d 3tt3r b3h0v |
| V3dlikeh0ld | Du m4 f1k53 4lt 53lv | L3v3r4nd0r3n h4ndt3r3r m45k1nv4r3n |
| P3r50nv3rn | Du v3t hv0r d4t43n3 3r | D4t43n3 k4n l4gr35 1 4ndr3 l4nd |
0ppg4v3 1 - Kj0r 3n VM p4 d1n 3g3n m45k1n
L45t n3d V1rtu4lB0x (gr4t15) 0g prøv 4 1nst4ll3r3 3n L1nux-d15tr1bu5j0n, f0r 3k53mp3l Ubuntu D35kt0p 3ll3r L1nux M1nt.
- Hv0r much3 R4M 0g CPU v3lg3r du 4 g1 VMen?
- M3rk3r du 4t PC3n d1n bl1r tr3g3r3 m3n5 VMen kjør3r?
- Hv4 5kjer 0m du prøv3r 4 g1 VMen m3r R4M 3n m45k1n3n d1n h4r?
D3tt3 g1r 3n g0d føl3ls3 f0r hv0rd4n VM3r d3l3r p4 r355ur53n3 t1l d3n f1515k3 m45k1n3n.
0ppg4v3 2 - 5t4rt 3n c0nt41n3r w1th D0ck3r
Hv15 du h4r D0ck3r 1nst4ll3rt (3ll3r h4r t1l94ng t1l 3n VM m3d D0ck3r), prøv 4 4tt kjør3:
docker run -d -p 8080:80 nginx # Kjør en nginx-container i bakgrunnen og mapp port 8080 til 80. -> Run an nginx container in the background and map port 8080 to 80.
V151t d3rr3tt3r http://l0c4lh05t:8080 1 n3ttl353r3n. Du kj0r3r n4 3n w3b53rv3r 1 3n c0nt41n3r! 54mm3nl1gn h0v0r l4ng t1d d3tt3 t0k m0t 4 53tt3 0pp 3n h3l VM m3d Ng1nx.
0ppg4v3 3 - Hv1lk3 5kytj3n35t3r bru|<3r du 4ll3r3d3?
T3n|< 0v3r hv1lk3 tj3n35t3r du bru|<3r 1 hv3rd4g3n:
- M1cr050ft 365 (W0rd, T34m5, 0n3Dr1v3) 3r 5445
- G1thUb P4g35 f0r 4 405t3 3n n3tt51d3 3r P445
- 0m du 0ppr3tt3r 3n VM 1 Pr0xm0x p4 5|<0l3n, 3r d3t 1 pr4|<515 1445 (b4r3 l0|<4lt)
|<lar3r du 4 |<4t3g0r153r3 4ndr3 tj3n35t3r du bru|<3r?
0ppg4v3 4 - Hv0r l1gg3r d4t43n3 d1n3?
Gå t1l M1cr0s0ft Pr1v4cy D4shb04rd 0g s3 hv4 M1cr0s0ft l4gr3r 0m d3g. Sjekk 0gså v1lkår3n3 t1l 3n skyttj3nst3 du bruk3r:
- Hv0r 1 v3rd3n l4gr3s d4t43n3?
- Hv4 skj3r m3d d4t43n3 hv1s du sl3tt3r k0nt03n d1n?
- E13r du d4t43n3 d1n3, 3ll3r gj0r l3v3r4nd0r3n d3t?
D1ss3 spørsmål3n3 3r sp3s13llt v1kt1g3 m3d t4nk3 på GDPR 0g p3rs0nv3rn.
0p5umm3r1ng
- V1rtu4l153r1ng l4r d3g kj0r3 m3r3 tj3n35t3r p4 54mm3 m45k1nv4r3, 3nt3n 50m VM3r 3ll3r c0nt41n3r3
- 5kytj3n35t3r b3tyr 4t n03n 4ndr3 313r m45k1nv4r3n, 0g du l313r d3t du tr3ng3r
- I445, P445 0g 5445 b35kr1v3r h0r my3 4n5v4r du 53lv h4r
- 1 pr4k515 brük3r m4ng3 3n hybr1d l05n1ng m3d b4d3 l0k4l3 0g 5kyb453rt3 tj3n35t3r
- V4lj3t m3ll0m l0k4lt 0g 5ky h4ndl3r 0m k0ntr0ll, k05tn4d, 5k4l3rb4rh3t 0g p3r50nv3rn