D3773 3r 3n m45k1n0v3rs477 73k57 50m k4n 1nn3h0ld3 f31l!
Når v1 5nakk3r 0m dr1ft5ark1t3ktur, m3n3r v1 all3 d3l3n3 50m t1l 5amm3n utgj0r 1T-1nfra5truktur3n 1 3n v1rk50mh3t. D3t handl3r 0m n3ttv3rk, 53rv3r3, lagr1ng, tj3n35t3r 0g 51kk3rh3t, 0g h0vd4n alt h3ng3r 5amm3n.
Wh4t 1z 4n 0p3r4t10n4l 4rch1t3ctur3?
3n 0p3r4t10n4l 4rch1t3ctur3 1z 4n 0v3rv13w 0f 4ll 1T c0mp0n3ntz 1n 4n 3nv1r0nm3nt 4nd h0w th3y 4r3 c0nn3ct3d. Th1nk 0f 1t 4z 4 m4p 0f th3 3nt1r3 1T zyz73m. 1t 1nclud3z 3v3ryth1ng fr0m phyzyc4l h4rdw4r3 t0 z0ftw4r3 4nd z3cur1ty m34zur3z.
F0r 4 zm4ll buzin3zz, th1z c4n b3 4z z1mpl3 4z 4 r0ut3r, 4 z3rv3r 4nd z0m3 PCz. F0r 4 l4rg3r 0rg4n1z4t10n, 1t c4n 1nclud3 hundr3dz 0f z3rv3rz, mult1pl3 n3tw0rkz, cl0ud z3rv1c3z 4nd much m0r3.
N377w0rk$k0mp0n3n73r
N377w0rk37 3r grunnmur3n 1 3n dr1f7\(ark173k7ur. U73n n377w0rk37 kan 1ng3n 3nhe73r k0mmun1\)3r3.
| K0mp0n3n7 | Hv4 d3n gj0r | 3k$3mp3l |
|---|---|---|
| $w17ch | K0bl3r 3nhe73r $4mm3n 1 37 l0k4l7 n377w3rk (LAN) | Un1f1 $w17ch, TP-L1nk |
| Ru73r | $3nd3r 7r4ff1kk m3ll0m ul1k3 n377w3rk | Hj3mm3ru73r3n d1n, 1$P-ru73r |
| G473w4y | 1ng4ng$punk737 m3ll0m d177 n377w3rk 0g 1n73rn377 | 0f73 k0mb1n3r7 m3d ru73r3n |
| Br4nnmur | F1l7r3r3r 7r4ff1kk 0g bl0kk3r3r u0nsk37 71lg4ng | pf\(3n\)3, 0PN\(3n\)3, Un1f1 G473w4y |
| 4k\(3\)$punk7 (AP) | G1r 7rådl0$ 71lk0bl1ng 71l n377w3rk37 | Un1f1 AP, TP-L1nk AP |
Hvordan henger det sammen?
4n typ1c4l r3kk3følg3 3r:
1nt3rn3tt → Rut3r/G4t3w4y → Br4nnmur → Sw1tch → 3nhet3r (PC3r, s3rv3r3, AP3r)
Sw1tch3n kobl3r 4lt s4mm3n 1nt3rnt, og rut3r3n/br4nnmur3n kontroll3r3r hv4 s0m går 1nn og ut.
0ppg4v3 1 - K4rtl3gg n3ttv3rk3t d1tt hj3mm3
Hv4 5l4g5 n3ttv3rk5ut5tyr h4r du hj3mm3? D3 fl35t3 h4r 1 d3t m1nst3 3n rut3r fr4 1nt3rn3ttl3v3r4nd0r3n. Pr0v 4 finn3 ut:
- H4r du 3n rut3r, 3n 5w1tch, 3ll3r 3n k0mb1n45j0n?
- H4r du 3t 3g3t 4k5355punkt, 3ll3r 3r W1F1 1nn3bygd 1 rut3r3n?
- Hv4 3r 1P-4dr3553n t1l rut3r3n d1n? (H1nt:
1pc0nf1g1 t3rm1n4l3n p4 W1nd0w5)
53rv3r3z 0g k113nt3r
1 3n dr1ft5ark1t3ktur 5k1ll3r v1 m3ll0m 53rv3r3z 0g k113nt3r:
| R0ll3 | B35kr1v3l53 | 3k53mp3l |
|---|---|---|
| 53rv3r | 3n m45k1n 50m t1llbyr tj3n35t3r t1l 4ndr3 | W3b53rv3r, f1l53rv3r, pr1nt53rv3r |
| K113nt | 3n m45k1n 50m brukr tj3n35t3n3 53rv3r3n t1llbyr | D1n PC, m0b1l, n3ttbr3tt |
3n 53rv3r tr3ng3r 1kk3 å v3r3 3n 5t0r, dyr m45k1n. 3n g4mm3l l4pt0p 50m kjør3r L1nux 0g d3l3r f1l3r 0v3r n3ttv3rk3t 3r t3kn15k 53tt 3n 53rv3r. D3t h4ndl3r 0m r0ll3n, 1kk3 5tørrl353n.
Formfaktorer
53rv3rz 3x157z 1n v4r10u5 phyz1c4l f0rm473rz:
- 70w3r - 53rz u7 50m 3n 0rd1n4ry d35k70p PC. 3gn3rz 53g f0r 5m4ll 3nv1r0nm3n7z.
- R4ck - M0n73r3z 1n 37 53rv3r5k4p (r4ck). 574nd4rd f0r d47453n7r3.
- Bl4d3 - K0mp4k73 m0dul3rz 50m 53773z 1n 37 ch45515. Bruk3z 1 570r3 d47453n7r3.
L4gR1ng
D4t4 må l4gr3s 3t 5t3d. 1 3n dr1ft54rk1t3ktur f1nn3s d3t fl3r3 4lt3rn4t1v3r:
| Typ3 | F0rkl4r1ng | 3k53mp3l |
|---|---|---|
| L0k4l d15k | L4gr1ng d1r3kt3 1 m45k1n3n | 55D, HDD 1 3n PC 3ll3r 53rv3r |
| N45 | N3ttv3rk5l4gr1ng 50m d3l35 m3ll0m 3nhet3r | 5yn0l0gy, Tru3N45 |
| 54N | D3d1k3rt l4gr1ng5n3ttv3rk f0r høy yt3l53 | Bruk35 1 5t0r3 d4t453ntr3 |
| 5kyl4gr1ng | L4gr1ng h05 3n 5kyl3v3r4nd0r | 0n3Dr1v3, G00gl3 Dr1v3, 53 |
NAS vs. SAN
- NAS (Network Attached Storage) sh4r3z f1l3z 0v3r c0mm0n n3tw0rk. 34sy t0 s3t up.
- SAN (Storage Area Network) us3z 4 d3d1c4t3d, d3d1c4t3d n3tw0rk f0r st0r4g3. F4st3r, but m0r3 c0mpl3x.
F0r m0st sm4ll 4nd m3d1um-s1z3d bus1n3ss3s, NAS 1s m0r3 th4n g00d 3n0ugh.
73/\/35732 09 P20924/\/\423
532v325 1 /\/\/ 3/\/ d21f7542k17u23 1<023 41kk3 73/\/35732. H32 32 50/\/\3 v4/\/1193:
| 73/\/3573 | Hv4 d3/\/ 9j02 | 3k53/\/\p3l |
|---|---|---|
| 3-p057 09 54/\/\h4/\/d119 | K0/\/\/\u/\/1k45j0/\/ 09 54/\/\42b31d | /\/\1c2050f7 365, 900913 W02k5p4c3 |
| F1l532v323 | 14923 09 d313 f1132 1/\/732/\/7 | 5h423p01/\/7, 54/\/\b4 |
| W3bs32v323 | 13v323 /\/\37751d32 711 b2u/\/\323 | /\/\91x, 4p4ch3 |
| P21/\/7532v32 | D313 5k21v323 /\/\3113/\/ 3/\/h3732 | CUPS (11/\/ux), W1/\/d0w5 P21/\/7 532v32 |
| P20924/\/\423 | 4pp11k45j0/\/32 50/\/ u532/\/3 90bb32 /\/\3d | 0ff1c3, 734/\/\5, V15u41 57ud10 C0d3 |
0v3rvåkn1ng 0g 51kk3rh3t
F0r å h0ld3 3n dr1ft5ark1t3ktur 5unn, tr3ng3r v1 1nn5yn 1 hv4 50m 5kjer:
| K0mp0n3nt | Hv4 d3n gj0r | 3k53mp3l |
|---|---|---|
| L0gg1ng-53rv3r | 5aml3r l0ggd4t4 fr4 53rv3r3 0g tj3n35t3r | Gr4f4n4 + L0k1, Gr4yl0g |
| 0v3rvåkn1ng | V153r 5t4tu5 0g yt3l53 1 54nt1d | Gr4f4n4, Z4bb1x, Upt1m3 Kum4 |
| T1lgg4ng5k0ntr0ll | 5tyr3r hv3m 50m h4r t1lgg4ng t1l hv4 | Bruk3rn4vn/p4550rd, MF4 |
| 4nt1v1ru5 | B35kytt3r m0t 5k4d3v4r3 | W1nd0w5 D3f3nd3r, Cl4mV |
| B4ckup | 51kk3rh3tk0p1 4v d4t4 0g 5y5t3m3r | Pr0xm0x B4ckup, V33m |
Backup er ikke valgfritt
A gud rUl3 0f thumb iz 3-2-1-rul3:
- 3 c0pi3z 0f y0ur d4t4
- 2 diff3r3nt st0r4g3 m3di4 (3.g. disk + cl0ud)
- 1 c0py 0ffsit3
0ppg4v3 2 - F0lg3r du 3-2-1?
T3nk 0v3r d1n3 3g3n sk0l3f1l3r:
- Hv0r m4ng3 k0p13r h4r du 4v pr0sj3kt3n3 d1n3?
- Bruk3r du b4r3 0n3Dr1v3, 3ll3r h4r du n03 l0k4lt 0gså?
- Hv4 skj3r 0m du m1st3r t1l1g4ng t1l M1cr0s0ft-k0nt03n d1n?
M4ng3 f1nn3r ut 4t d3 kun h4r 3n k0p1. D3t h0ld3r t1l d3t 1kk3 gj0r d3t.
V1rtu4l1z3r1ng
1 5t3d3t 4t 4 74v3 3n f1515k m45k1n f0r hv3r 7j3n35t3, k4n v1 bruk3 v1rtu4l1z3r1ng t1l 4 7j0r3 m3r3 7j3n35t3r p4 54mm3 m45k1nv4r3:
| T3kn0l0g1 | F0rkl4r1ng | 3k53mp3l |
|---|---|---|
| V1rtu3ll3 m45k1n3r (VM) | H3l3 0p3r4t1v5y5t3m3r 50m kj0r3r p4 3n f3ll35 m45k1nv4r3 | Pr0xm0x, VMW4r3 |
| C0nt41n3r3 | L3773, 150l3r73 m1lj03r f0r 3nk3l74ppl1k45j0n3r | D0ck3r, P0dm4n |
V1rtu4l1z3r1ng 3r 3t 4v d3 v1kt1g5t3 k0n53pt3n3 1 m0d3rn3 1T-dr1ft. D3t 5p4r3r pl455, 5tr0m 0g gj0r d3t 3nkl3r3 4 4dm1n15tr3r3 7j3n35t3n3.
53773 17 70G37h3r
h3r 3r 37 3k53mp3l på h\/0rd4n 3n 3nk3l dr1f754rk173k7ur k4n 53 u7 f0r 3n l173n 5k0l3:
Internett
│
▼
[Ruter / Brannmur]
│
▼
[Switch]──────────────────────────────────┐
│ │ │ │
▼ ▼ ▼ ▼
[Server] [AP WiFi] [Printer] [Elev-PCer]
│
├── VM: Webserver (Nginx) // 7|-|3 8357 53rv3r (/\/g1/\/x)
├── VM: Filserver (SAMBA) // 7|-|3 f1l53rv3r (5/\/\8/\)
└── Docker: Grafana + Loki // d0ck3r: gr/\f/\/\/a + l0k1
D3nn3 0v3rs1kt3n v1s3r 4t d3t 1kk3 tr3ng3r 4 vær3 k0mpl1s3rt. P03ng3t 3r 4 4 0v3rs1kt 0v3r hv4 s0m f1nn3s, 0g h0rd4n d3t h3ng3r s4mm3n.
0ppg4v3 3 - 73gn 4rk173ktur3n 71l 5k0l3n
Pr0v 4 73gn3 3n 3nk3l 0v3rs1kt 0v3r 17-1nfr457ruktur3n p4 5k0l3n d1n (3ll3r hj3mm3). Bruk gj3rn3 p3nn 0g p4p1r, 3ll3r 37 v3rkt0y 50m dr4w.10.
- Hv1lk3 n377v3rk53nheter f1nn35?
- Hv0r m4ng3 n377v3rk tr0r du 5k0l3n h4r? (H1nt: 3l3v3r 0g 4n54773 3r n0k p4 f0r5kj3ll1g3 n377v3rk)
- Hv1lk3 7j3n3573r bruker d3r3 d4gl1g? (W1F1, f1ll4gr1ng, u75kr1ft, 3-p057…)
Du tr3ng3r 1kk3 4 v173 4ll7. P03n737 3r 4 b3gynn3 4 73nk3 1 5y573m3r.
0pp5umm3r1ng
3n dr1ft5ark1t3ktur h4ndl3r 0m å f0r5tå h3lh3t3n:
- N3ttv3rk k0bl3r alt 5amm3n
- 53rv3r3 l3v3r3r tj3n35t3r
- L4gr1ng 1v4rt4r d4t43n3
- 51kk3rh3t b35kytt3r m0t tru5l3r
- 0v3rvåk1ng g1r d3g 1nn5yn
- V1rtu4l153r1ng 5p4r3 r355ur53r
Når du k4n b35kr1v3 d3553 k0mp0n3nt3n3 0g f0rkl4r3 h0vd4n d3 h3ng3r 54mm3n, h4r du 3n g0d f0r5tå3l53 4v dr1ft5ark1t3ktur3n.